Evidências psicométricas das escalas de auto-eficácia para regular hábito alimentar e auto-eficácia para regular exercício físico

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and its prevention and non pharmacological treatment depends on a change in life style that involves adherence to a healthy diet combined with regular physical exercise. Maintaining these habits implies a motivation to which self-efficacy is an important moderator. To establish these relationships are required precise measurements, therefore Bandura developed scales that evaluate the degree of confidence in maintaining a diet and exercise routine even in situations that may hinder the maintenance of these habits. This study aimed to translate, perform semantic adaptation and search for evidence of the psychometric scales Self-efficacy to Regulate Exercise and Self-efficacy to Regulate Eating Habits. The sample was composed of 303 participants, 113 males and 190 females that were diagnosed with at least one of the factors for the development of a cardiovascular event: obesity, high cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The first section presents the results of the translation, adaptation and search for evidence based on internal structure and relationship with external variables of self-efficacy to regulate exercise. The Kappa test, made to determine the degree of agreement about the final version of the instrument, showed itself a good agreement between evaluators judges (k = 0500) and exploratory factor analysis presented a single factor. The scale presented a good accuracy verified by the internal consistency coefficient ( = 0.97). For analysis of predictive validity, it was considered part of the sample 75 subjects who started and finished a program of Lifestyle Change (MERC). Multiple linear regression demonstrated the predictive power of the total score of the instrument on increasing the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max) measured at the end of the program (p> 0.05, = 1.47). Moreover, it was confirmed a quasi-experimental validity by the variability of scale scores during the program, as well as the positive and significant correlation between the initial and final scores of the instrument (p> 0.05). The second section presents the results of psychometric evidence of self-efficacy to regulate Eating Habits, whose final Portuguese version had a moderate level of agreement between evaluators judges (k = 0492). Exploratory factor analysis grouped the items into three factors that can cause a relapse compared to healthy diet: social situations, feelings and physical states and situations that trigger cravings. Excellent accuracy was found through internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha ( = 0.96). It was found quasi-experimental validity using the same sample and statistical technique of the first article (p> 0.05). Bandura's instruments are valid measures to evaluate selfefficacy to regulate eating habits and exercise among Brazilians with cardiovascular risk and therefore it can be important tools in programs aimed at adherence to healthy habits.