Recuperação neurossensorial utilizando enxertia no nervo alveolar inferior : revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: In oral and maxillofacial surgery, there are numerous procedures with the potential to injure the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), eventually causing the loss or alteration of local sensitivity. When their total rupture occurs and the contact between the extremities becomes difficult due to the distance, a conduit can be used to join them, such as autogenous grafts. Due to the secondary morbidity resulting from this technique, alternative forms for sensorineural repair have been studied. Methodology: The electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science databases. Gray literature and manual search were also used. The selection of articles was carried out by two independent researchers, following the predetermined inclusion criteria: studies in humans evaluating the regression of the sensorineural disorders of the IAN, after using any of the grafting techniques. The techniques of interest are: autogenous, allogeneic and synthetic grafts. Results: Of the 789 studies obtained, 648 were selected for analysis. After applying the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Final considerations: It is observed that the return of habitual sensitivity is rare, but most of the nerves undergoing reconstruction have recovered at least their protective function. As for the modality employed, allogeneic grafts had similar success rates to autogenous ones, representing a good alternative. The factors found to be capable of interfering in the prognosis of sensory recovery were the time of grafting, with higher success rates in the first 3 to 12 months, and the patient's age.