@MASTERSTHESIS{ 2014:285480646,
 	title = {Cross-linguistic interaction in L3 production : portuguese as a third language in a bilingual context},
 	year = {2014},
 	url = "http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2157",
 	abstract = "Extensive research on Bilingualism and Multilingualism has found evidence that different languages compete for activation in the bilinguals and multilinguals‟ mind (Dijkstra, Van Heuven, 2002; Dijkstra, 2003, Green, 1998.) The present study investigates crosslinguistic interaction in the oral productions of Portuguese by English-Spanish and Spanish-English bilinguals. For the study, twelve participants  all learners of Portuguese as a third language  were divided in two groups according to their first language (either English or Spanish). For the data collection, participants narrated the picture story Frog, where are you? by Mercer Mayer (1969). Participants also filled out the Language Experience And Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) (Marian, Blumenfeld, and Kaushanskaya, 2007.) The instances of language interaction were coded as syntactic‟,  morphological‟, and vocabulary‟. Statistics tests were run in order to determine which of the linguistic levels were highly present in the tokens and from which source language: English or Spanish. According to Hammarberg (2001), factors such as typology, second language (L2) status, proficiency, and language mode can predict the interactions among different languages in multilinguals. Based on the factors for interaction, two research questions were asked: 1) Which factors exert more influence in third language oral production: the typological distance or the L2 status?; 2) Which linguistic features in the target language (Portuguese) will be more influenced by the two previously acquired languages (English and Spanish): vocabulary, morphology or syntax? Based on these questions, two mutually exclusive hypotheses were formulated: 1) There will be more language interaction from Spanish than English due to the closest typological distance of Spanish in relation to Portuguese, if compared to English (Carvalho and Silva, 2006; Rothman, 2010;) 2) When English is the speakers‟ second language, it will generate more language interaction to Portuguese as L3 due to the foreign language status shared by the L2 and the L3 (Hammarberg, 2001.) The results show that the typology factor seems to play a more important role in the types of interaction found in the sample researched. When Spanish as L2 was a more recurrent source of language interaction, it coincided with its closest typological distance in relation to Portuguese. Vocabulary interaction occurred more frequently than syntactic or morphological interaction. English as L2 did not show significance in the interaction of items with Portuguese.",
 	publisher = {Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul},
 	scholl = {Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras},
 	note = {Faculdade de Letras}
}