O desemprego e o desalento de profissionais formados em serviço social no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

This Dissertation aimed to analyze the forms of unemployment and/or discouragement that manifest themselves to professionals trained in Social Work in Rio Grande do Sul, between the period 2010 to 2020 and after approval, implementation of the Labor Counter-reform in 2017. The Introduction introduces initial approximations with the categories that were addressed in the study, as well as presenting the methodological paths of the research and the ethical procedures. As a path to knowledge, the research was based on the dialectical historical materialist method formulated by Marx, highlighting the central categories: totality, historicity, contradiction and mediation. For data collection, documents were analyzed on the 2017 Labor Counter-reform, in order to identify the main changes affecting workers, especially those trained in Social Work, complemented by consultations with IBGE databases, among others. . Subsequently, a profile mapping of professionals was carried out via contact networks. The sample was of the intentional non-probabilistic type, conformed from the snowball technique covering the number of 8 professionals in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, through interviews with a structured form with open and closed questions. It is a mixed type research, with qualitative emphasis. The second chapter discusses work, in the midst of its contradictions in dependent Brazilian capitalism, explains the structural capitalist crisis of the 1970s, the productive restructuring and the main repercussions for the working class. It also discusses neoliberalism and neodevelopment in the country, it also discusses unemployment and / or discouragement in contemporary Brazilian reality. It discusses the ongoing changes in the world of work, under the auspices of the Labor Counter-reform 2017 and the consequences for the working class, including professionals trained in Social Work. The third chapter, on the other hand, includes elements from the interviews, from the testimonies of professionals in the area who are unemployed and / or discouraged. The analysis of the data is reported, mainly with regard to the research results, linked to the theoretical debate and inferences. It addresses inequalities and resistance, difficulties and coping strategies. And finally, debate about the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aggravation of the social processes of unemployment, discouragement and labor counter-reform in interdictions and precariousness in the labor market. In order to answer the research problem: What are the determinants and repercussions of unemployment and / or discouragement processes that materialize in the lives of professionals trained in Social Work in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly after the Labor Counter-reform of 2017? The main results show that the precariousness of work, aggravated by the neoliberal advance, the flexible and in-depth accumulation in the Labor Counter-reform of 2017, impose more demeaning conditions on the workforce, disguised as entrepreneurship, such as uberization, informality, underemployment, among others. other forms of expression, which is further accentuated by the health crisis imposed by the pandemic of COVID-19. Unemployment has not decreased in line with the fallacious promise of the Temer government and rights have been severely attacked and suppressed. It was also perceived the relationship between unemployment and forms of existential precariousness that impact on illness, vulnerability of mental health, low self-esteem and frustration, impacting the subjectivity of the workers surveyed, exacerbated by the pandemic situation and also the importance of family support. These aspects, however, do not reverberate in a collective search for resistance strategies, which achieve greater reach and achievements for the working class as a whole, showing that the individualism that marks this mode of production also permeates the lives of these workers.