Violência policial, direitos humanos e telejornalismo : uma análise da cobertura do caso Fallet no Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record, SBT Brasil e Jornal da Band

Abstract

Brazil has the most lethal police in the world, with an average of 18 daily victims in 2019. The largest number of cases is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, especially in the favelas. One of them, that of Fallet, located in the central region of the capital, was the main target of an operation that resulted in the death of 15 people. The objective is, based on the journalistic coverage of this case and its circumstances, to make a diagnosis of how police violence is treated in the four most traditional broadcast TV news in Brazil - Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record, Jornal da Band and SBT Brasil . For this, the analysis is instrumentalized based on the methodology of analysis of moving images proposed by Rose (2002). The interest of the research falls, in particular, on the editorial importance dispensed, the analytical depth of the narratives, the speech spaces, the respect to ethics and human rights. To support the analysis, the author proposes a theoretical reflection on police violence, starting with Balestreri (1998), Soares (2006; 2015) and Rolim (2008); Human rights, with emphasis on Bobbio (1992) and Flores (2009); journalistic ethics, with Bucci (2000) and Christofoletti (2008); the notion of transparency, with Kovach and Rosenstiel (2003); the importance of television in Brazil, with Wolton (1996), and the speed and superficiality of their narratives, from the perspective, especially, of Chauí (2006) and Bourdieu (1997); finally, a brief rescue on the occupation of the hills of Rio de Janeiro, with Maiolino (2008) and Rocha (2016), and of drug trafficking, criminal factions and militias, essentially from Moraes (2006) and Karam (2015). In summary, the thesis points out that the coverage of the operation on Fallet was limited to the factual; it did not offer the deepening, contextualization and problematization around the problem of police violence; there was no diversity in the voices presented in the reports, in addition to the police version of the confrontation being treated as an unquestionable fact at times; ethics and human rights have been disrespected, especially with regard to the presumption of innocence and the dehumanization of the victims. In the afterword, the author systematizes eleven suggestions for more in-depth, purposeful, transparent journalistic coverage, committed to human dignity, citizenship and peace-building.