Economia compartilhada : aproximações e afastamentos da inovação social

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the practices of the shared economy and its potential to promote social innovation. The theoretical framework allowed the themes Social Innovation and Shared Economy to be further analyzed, and from this emerged an initial set of approximations and distances that could exist between them. The central concepts of the Actor-Network Theory were also explored. This theory was adopted as a theoretical-methodological optics for this research, having as its field of study the institution Banco de Tempo in Garopaba/SC, classified as sharing archetype by ideal of the shared economy. The immersion in the field was of one year, with 211 interviews being conducted, 55 hours of observation being held, and with document analysis contemplating more than 11,000 publications of the group's social network, as well as files and photographs. Furthermore, complementary data were collected at Banco de Tempo Santa Maria da Feira, in Portugal, which inspired the creation of the studied group. The study identified the main actants of the group, as: creators, members, associates, former associates, administrators, Facebook®, product table, talent table, balance table, currency, members' house and talents. The practices identified in the group are as follows: “Check-in", "Exchanging Talents", "Promoting Meetings" and "Organizing and Controlling", which presented themselves as promoters in the generation of social innovation. It was seen that they promote social benefits such as: meeting physiological and social needs, bonds of friendship, insertion in the community, increased self-esteem, greater confidence, social interaction, promotion of equality, development of talents/skills, cultural change, empowerment and entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the controversies identified were as follows: “Meaning of Time", "Imbalance between Demand and Supply", and "Freedom X Regulation", which include the macrocontroversy "Clash of systems". Such controversies proved to be restrains for social innovation, with the main points of withdrawal being: decreased quality and quantity of life, frustration in the lack of demand and in the accumulation of credits, lack of awareness for consumption, inefficiency of conflict management, little interaction, withdrawal of actors, difficulty in the transmission of values and lack of transparency in relationships. In addition, this paper proposed practices that aim to minimize the points of distance between social innovation and shared economy, which are: organizing a waiting list, minimizing the offer of talent, promoting interaction meetings, conduct a survey of talents that were not met, guide and develop talents, exchange experiences between banks, promote meetings for training, conduct virtual surveys, develop talents for administration, deploy an application, promote training meetings, review and define principles and ways of acting, guide and conduct in person registration, have a headquarters, improve external communication and establish public and private partnerships. Finally, the study highlighted that social innovation occurs in the shared economy under the analysis of the following dimensions: transformation, innovative character, innovation, actors and processes, the latter being emphasized under practices and controversies found in the field.