Obesidade sarcopênica e fatores de risco cardiometabólico em idosos da comunidade

Abstract

IANISKI, Valéria Baccarin. Association of sarcopenic obesity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease: A cross-border study on dweling elderly in the community. 2020. 121f. Dissertation (Master's Degree in Biomedical Gerontology) - School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2020. Introduction: Sarcopenic obesity (OS) is a frequent condition in the elderly and is characterized by the concomitant presence of sarcopenia and obesity. These conditions associated with aging corroborate the increase of inflammation, due to the increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory agents, favoring the aggravation or development of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality among the dweling elderly. Objective: To analyze the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiometabolic risk in the dweling elderly in the community of a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: A cross - sectional, retrospective study was conducted with 396 dweling elderly individuals (≥ 60 years old) from the community. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2010 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria (low lean mass associated with reduced strength and / or physical performance). Obesity was defined as the Body Mass Index> 27 kg / m² associated with central obesity assessed by waist circumference. OS was defined as the concomitant presence of sarcopenia and obesity. Body composition was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance, muscle strength through palmar grip strength measured by manual dynamometry in kg / f and physical performance by walking speed in meters / second. Cardiometabolic risk factors investigated were: clinical indicators (blood pressure, body composition), lifestyle, biochemical markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and glucose), inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and adiponectin). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: A frequency of 8.8% of OS was observed, which was more expressive in men (13.8% x 8.0%, P = 0.235). They had a higher percentage of fat mass, an altered fat mass index and physical inactivity as a risk factor for OS (P <0.05). It was observed that at each 1 μg / dL increase in adiponectin levels there is a 2.5% chance that subjects did not present OS (P = 0.042), whereas at each increase of 1 mg / dL at the levels of HDL-c there is a 4% chance of individuals not presenting OS (P = 0.039). Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was higher in men. The percentage of fat was a risk factor in both sexes. Fat mass index and sedentary lifestyle were risk factors in men only. However, increased levels of adiponectin and HDL-c were protective factors.