Atitudes, autoeficácia ocupacional e tomada de decisão de profissionais na avaliação de situações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, with negative consequences for the victim and his family. Several institutions make up the protection and service network that aims to provide comprehensive protection. Aiming to investigate attitudes, occupational self - efficacy of professionals and professional decision - making in the evaluation of situations of sexual violence against children and adolescents. This thesis was divided into three studies. The first study was a systematic review of the national scientific production, seeking to identify the objectives, research methods and the main results achieved. A hundred articles retrieved from the Scielo, Pepsic, Indexpsi and Lilacs databases were analyzed, and inclusion / exclusion criteria were applied. The results presented higher concentration of publication in psychology journals, using a quantitative delineation based on the documental analysis strategy. The main themes of the articles were: characterization of victims, professionals 'work in the legal context, psychological assessment tools for psychopathology detection, and the main emotions of the victims' relatives. The second study adapted and evaluated the psychometric capabilities of the Child Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS) for the Brazilian context. A total of 177 professionals (86.4% female), with a mean age of 37.6 years (SD = 10.1 years) participated in the study. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that in the Brazilian context, the scale structure presents three first-order oblique factors, Fear of Not Identifying Abuse (MNA), Fear of False Identification (MFA) and Skepticism (C). The internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha) of MNA = 0.66, MFA = 0.80, and C = 0.92 indicates satisfactory indexes. It can be seen that the CFAS can be used to evaluate the professionals' attitudes in the evaluation of cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents in the Brazilian context. The third study made a correlation analysis of the attitudes, the levels of occupational self-efficacy and decision making correlating with the sociodemographic and labor characteristics of the professionals. A total of 165 workers, 14% male and 86% female, aged 23-69 years (M = 37.6 years, SD = 10.1 years) participated in the study. Participants answered the following instruments, sociodemographic questionnaire, Child's Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS), Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale in Interventions with Populations in Social Vulnerability (EAO-IPV), Decision Scale in Situations of Child Sexual Abuse (ETD-ASI), both with adequate psychometric properties for use in the national context. The network analysis indicated that the attitudes correlated positively with each other. Occupational selfefficacy was not related to any variable. Decision making and age correlated negatively with attitude of sensitivity. The evaluation of the professional performance in situations of sexual violence against children and adolescents is complex, and it is necessary to deepen the findings in future studies.