Aspectos promotores do comprometimento com a carreira e sua relação com a percepção de empregabilidade

Abstract

This study was carried out by the Group of Studies in Career Development of the area of concentration in Social Psychology, Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. The main objective was to identify possible antecedents to the career commitment and to understand the relation of this construct with the perception of employability. This is a descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, correlational delineation, and cross-sectional data collection, based on two different studies. The first study dealt with the systematic review of the literature produced between 2002 and 2017, available on the Web of Science, Ebsco and Scopus databases, about the predictors of career commitment. The search for articles was carried out using the descriptor "career commitment" and its relation with terms: "predictors", "promoters", "background", "cause". These terms were consulted in English and Portuguese. The inclusion criteria were that the studies had been published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and had the term "career commitment" in the title or abstract. After applying the inclusion criteria, 60 articles were analyzed, mostly cross-sectional surveys with quantitative data analysis, performed with different public of professionals and / or students. The results show the diversity of constructs related to the career commitment, being possible to categorize 86 promoters in personal, organizational and situational variables. Regarding the aspects that promote career commitment in professionals, the study highlights the role of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, search for organizations that value light environments, promote development spaces and value the employee, as well as the search for a balance between roles. Among students, the perceived support of parents stands out, as an important antecedent of career commitment. The present study presents limitations in relation to the search criteria of articles, as well as evidence that there are no Brazilian studies that meet the criteria described above. Thus, it is suggested that new theoretical researches be done to complement this study. As well, that empirical studies, with the purpose of validating the results found in this study are carried out, in order to strengthen the theoretical model related to the construct and identify practices that promote the career commitment of students and professionals. The second study is of a quantitative nature and consisted in the application of an online questionnaire, answered by 535 people over 18 years old, and at least two years of professional experience, residing in the southern region of Brazil. All participants had access to the informed consent form (TCLE), in which participants were assured that the data was confidential, that their participation was voluntary and that they could stop collaborating with the research at any time without any damage. As well as, all activities were submitted to the Ethics Committee of the institution to which the researchers are linked and follow the Guidelines and Norms of Research with Human according to Resolution 466/2012 and Resolution 510/2016 of the National Health Council. After accepted the term, the participants answered in the period of May to September of 2018, a sociodemographic questionnaire and scales to evaluate Career Commitment, Self-Reflection and Insight, Career Adaptability and Self-Perception of Employability (EAE). The demographic data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 21. The relationships between the variables of career commitment, career adaptability, employability perception, self-reflection and insight were analyzed with the statistical software R. The descriptive statistical analysis was done, calculating the mean and standard deviation of the variables. Subsequently, analyzes of bivariate correlations and network analysis were performed through the qgraph package and this data was represented in graphs. In addition, descriptive measures of closeness and expected influence were applied. The results show that the participants of this study are career committed. As well as evidence that all variables are related in a direct way, thus validating the relation between career commitment and perception of employability (hypothesis 1), career adaptability and career commitment (hypothesis 2), self-reflection and insight with career commitment (hypothesis 3) and refuting the idea that the relationship between career commitment and employability perception is mediated by career adaptability (hypothesis 4). The partial correlations show that the maintenance dimension is related only to acquisition, both dimensions of perception of employability. As well, it shows that identity and planning dimensions are related to dimensions of all variables, while resilience relates positively with insight and negative with self-reflection. It is also identified that professionals with a high level of confidence may have a low level of planning. Also, according to measures of proximity, it is identified that the dimensions planning, trust and identity have a greater number of relationships, while the dimensions of trust, concern and curiosity have the highest level of influence in this model. Results show that the career commitment requires that the professional has clarity of their values, as well as set goals and objectives, seeking to adapt to different contexts and changes, while remaining competitive in the labor market. It is a cross-sectional study and a sample location, not allowing generalizations. Thus, it is suggested that new studies be done, seeking to identify possible differences in the development of career commitment among men, women and students. As well as, that market practices are be created and shared in the literature about how, within the organizational and counseling and / or career development context, career commitment and career adaptability can be fostered, considering the variables with higher level of relationships and greater influence in this study, promoting employability.