Uma arquitetura de segurança para sistemas embarcados virtualizados

Abstract

Historically embedded systems (ES) were designed to perform a single task throughout their lifetime. However, this view has changed with the new paradigm of computing called the Internet of Things or IoT. An example of environment where IoT can be applied are smart cities by creating products such as smart poles. Thus, smart poles can be responsible not only for city lighting, but also for the control of security cameras, in addition to temperature and noise sensors. In this scenario, the virtualization technique in ES appears to contribute to the development of IoT devices since it allows a better use of the available resources in the ES besides contributing to the increase of the security. ES security has been neglected and IoT oriented ES have attracted malicious attacks as they play a central role in the operation of essential services for individuals and enterprises. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify a set of security mechanisms that use cryptography techniques that, combined with the virtualization technique, can establish a security architecture for IoT oriented virtualized ES (VES). Thus, establishing a minimum level of confidence between the users and the SEV. Two security mechanisms have been implemented in prplHypervisor: integrity checking and introspection of guest system hypercalls. The results show that for a guest system with a size of 256kB the integrity check mechanism imposed a 150.33ms initialization delay time while the introspection engine imposed 10.57ms of initialization delay. 2,029 lines of code have been added to the prplHypervisor to perform the integrity check and 120 lines of code to implement the introspection engine. The final size of the prplHypervisor has 32kB which represents a 53% increase over the original code. However, growth does not prevent the use of security mechanisms since the storage capacity available on the platform is 2MB.