A crítica levinasiana à ontologia e ao sujeito : aspectos da ruptura do eu e a responsabilidade como constituinte da subjetividade

Abstract

This work aims to expose the critique of ontology and subject in the work of Emmanuel Levinas. We shall see, from his first works onwards, the origin of aexistents in existence that tries to escape himself, to evade himself. This being, this subject that is the “I”, lives in a world in which he is able to maintain himself through work and consumption. But the “I” encounters a resisting being, the “Other”. We will show how in the I a Desire comes to existence that opens in him the possibility of receiving this Otherness, in a way that the ethical relationship between the I and the Other becomes possible. We will see the importance of the erotical relationship for the author, for it is opening, through the child, to the relationships in society and society itself, besides constituting the transcendence of the I in his son. We shall analyze some questions about the feminine. To better understand its nature in the tought of Levinas. We will approach, at last, of responsibility which constitutes the subjectivity of the I in the relationship with the other, so that the I becomes “one-for-another”, and even substitution. Since the relationship of responsibility is only possible in the “face-to-face”, between two terms, justice emerges so that the third is not excluded from ethics, so that responsibility pervades the relationships in society.