A superação do problema da realidade no primeiro Heidegger

Abstract

The theme of this dissertation is the traditional problem of reality from the perspective of the philosopher Martin Heidegger’s work in the period when he taught at the University of Marburg, between the years 1923 and 1928. The aim of this research was to determine the meaning of the term “reality” in the first Heidegger, as well as to clarify the Heideggerian strategy to solve the so-called problem of reality. In the course of this research, I cared to expose the emergence of the problem of reality in modern philosophy, from Descartes to Kant, making explicit how did such a problem cross the modern era and settled within some branches of contemporary philosophy under other designations. I also made explicit the difference between the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and that of Martin Heidegger in order to bring to evidence a central element of the Heideggerian paradigm. This central element, which is the transformation of transcendental phenomenology to hermeneutic phenomenology, enabled a better understanding of Heidegger's strategy for overcoming the problem of reality. To clarify the steps of this strategy, I undertook the demonstration and explicitation of Heidegger's approach in two key works where he directly addresses the theme of “reality”: Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs (History of the Concept of Time: Prolegomena) and Sein und Zeit (Being and Time).