Justiça e publicidade em Immanuel Kant : uma reconstrução socionormativa

Abstract

This research establishes an interlocution with philosophers of relevance in the context of contemporary theories of justice in both its procedural and deontological feature as Rawls, as in his reconstructive aspect of Critical Theory as Habermas and Honneth. This thesis aims reactualize the Kantian conception of justice and publicity from a social-normative reconstruction. It intends to go beyond the metaphysical limits pointing especially to the need for a weak social moral, social epistemology and a public opinion understood as a balance between the formal and the empirical. The first chapter argues the primacy of a public model of justice as an alternative to metaphysical and constructivist models. The Kantian State will be rethought beyond the liberal limits of protection of individual rights. In Rechtslehre will discuss the social role of the rule of law on assistance to the poor and excluded. The second chapter proposes an intersubjective moral redimensioning beyond monological limits, highlighting among others aspects the social preconditions of autonomy. The third chapter reconstructs the Kantian publicity from the public opinion as an instrument of articulation between the procedural and the empirical. The social reconstruction of publicity will be proposed from a Öffentlichkeit der Vernunft in epistemological and aesthetic levels. The publicity of reason is an affront to the context of repression and restriction of freedom of expression diagnosed by Kant himself in Was ist Aufklärung. In this thesis the public opinion constitutes a political capacity of opposition to the public injustices in civil, international and cosmopolitan levels. Kant's public sphere shall be reviewed beyond the limits of bourgeois ideology punctuated by Habermas. As a final topic, the thesis discusses the normative implications of the dichotomy between active and passive citizenship.