Símbolos da evolução : dialética de matéria e espírito na mística : uma abordagem a partir de São João da Cruz, Jung e Rahner

Abstract

The dissertation aims to analyze the mystical experience using the theoretical framework of the Catholic theologian Karl Rahner and the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung , founder of Analytical Psychology . The spiritual writings of St. John of the Cross are used as a source of mystical description of the phenomenon. Initially, an interpretation of the concept of spirituality from Analytical Psychology was created. This interpretation based on the theory of archetypes and the collective unconscious with its biological implications pointed evolutionism as an important hermeneutical key to the understanding of spirituality and mysticism. Evolutionism, a central issue for Rahner while dialectics in which matter progressively acquires the characteristics of the spirit (self-awareness and openness to the Mystery of God), thus proved a possible link between Jung and Rahner in the analysis of mystical experience. In developing this work central themes were brought in Jung's work (such as the symbolism of the Self , the conjunction of opposites, the alchemy) and compared with the metaphysical concepts used by Rahner. This combination of thought of both authors proportionate the mystical interpretation from an evolutionary point of view, which implied considerations on the most current areas of scientific psychology, especially neuropsychology. The attempted synthesis of broad fields of knowledge that is this dissertation is something important to the current state of science, admittedly fragmentary and scattered on specific topics. This reason justifies a job in the mold of an exploratory study where they stand in general essential and relevant connections between different theories, connections that make more visible the nature of its objects and its relation to human existence.