Justiça restaurativa e abolicionismo penal : contribuições para um novo modelo de administração de conflitos no Brasil

Abstract

The present study aims to discuss the potentialities of restorative justice from an abolitionist approach. It analyzes the work of Louk Hulsman and Nils Christie and addresses the importance of their critics to the emergence of the discussion about restorative justice in the 1970s and 1980s. It then introduces the penal abolitionism as a negative and, simultaneously, propositional-constructive theoretical perspective, for proposing the deconstruction of penal system and for offering at the same time important elements for the construction of a new proposal of conflicts administration. From this approach, it states that the constructive critics of penal abolitionism finds in restorative justice its greatest possibility of accomplishment in terms of criminal policy. Afterwards, it highlights a set of legal and political obstacles for a meaningful reform of the Brazilian criminal law, and reviews two important contemporary experiences of penal reforms: first, the reform introduced by Law n. 9.099/1995 (Law of Special Criminal Courts), and after the changes implemented by the Law n. 11.340/2006 (Maria da Penha Law). Since these reviews, it is made a diagnosis of the application of both Laws, and in the end it is shown its wrongs and successes as a way of learning, so that future penal reforms can avoid the same misunderstandings and can be benefited with the positive aspects observed. Subsequently, it is presented, for illustrative purposes, the Belgian model of restorative justice, because of its independent structure for conflict management that concomitantly has direct relationship with the criminal justice system, working with cases derived from the judicial system and providing important legal effects on it. About Brazil, it is exposed the current scenario of alternative dispute resolution, regarding specific initiatives covering access to justice (not necessarily related to restorative justice), as well as legislative and pilot projects, specifically about restorative justice. At the end, it is demonstrated the importance of abolitionist criticism for structuring a Brazilian model of restorative justice, to be built from the learning experiences of previous penal reforms (Laws n. 9.099 and 11.340), from the obstacles to be faced for a proper implementation of restorative justice, and from the parameters offered by the Belgian system