Uma análise da especialização e diversificação das atividades econômicas das cidades brasileiras no ano 2011

Abstract

This study deals with an analysis of specialization and diversification of economic activities of Brazilian cities. It was taken into consideration for this, the year 2011 as a basis for obtaining the data analyzed. The specialization means that the city has focused its production in a given sector thus has a high degree of knowledge on the same, which enables economies of scale. On the other hand, the productive diversification is when a city has many industries relevant to its economy, allowing exchange of information between sectors enabling improvements. The diagnoses of specialization and diversification of economic activities of Brazilian cities contributes in identifying local development processes. Also assists governments in directing the creation and leverage of public policies and investments to municipalities. Likewise, it also helps to reduce inequalities between regions leveraging the best that each city has to offer. We sought to investigate the relationship between diversification and specialization with the size of the city and also find out how the distribution of specialization and diversification in Brazilian cities by the states of the federation occurs. In order to understand how does the distribution of specialization and diversification in Brazil held an exploratory analysis of spatial data. For this, we prepared the index of diversification and specialization of Duranton and Puga, from data of formal employment through the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS), both in absolute terms as in relative terms. Results confirm the existence of two stylized facts of Duranton and Puga to Brazil, which were studied in this work: larger cities tend to be more diverse and specialized and diversified cities coexist. Still, through the exploratory analysis of spatial data, it was found as structured specialization and diversification in Brazil. This is well demarcated into two major groups, specialization is high in the North and Northeast and lower in the South, Southeast and Midwest, while diversification is high in the south and southeast and lower in the North and Northeast.