Dificuldades encontradas na aplicação dos referenciais curriculares por professores de física de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre : uma análise fenomenológica

Abstract

This study presents a research which aimed to evaluate the application of the official documents of education more specifically the National Curricular Parameters (NCP), the National Curricular Orientations and the Curricular Recommendations of Rio Grande do Sul at a state public high school in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, in the subject of Physics. The work points out critical topics of the official documents recommendations, such as the contextualization, experimentation and autonomy. The research was characterized as being qualitative approach applied in descriptive and comprehensive view. It based on a case study in the phenomenological observation of the classes performed by four teachers at the chosen school. The researcher observed a total of 16 classes then being able to conclude that there s an important relation between the rate in which the official documents recommendations are applied and the quality of learning by the students. The classes given by teachers who follow these recommendations seem to better feed the students interest to learning Physics since in their classes there are moments in which there s exchange of ideas, discussing and effective inferred by the behavior of the students. The classes in which the teachers followed traditional expositive methods, featured by weak conformity with the oficial documents recommendations, were marked by either apathy of the students or general disorder. In those classes, there was low interaction between the students and teachers/content, and comments among the students indicated that they understood they would have to memorize the current topic and that they were afraid of asking questions. Therefore, the research concluded that the application of the documents recommendations is low in the sample used, despite bringing clear benefits to students education in Physics. The decision of implementing these official documents recommendations or not is up to the teacher; however, this doesn t seem to be a simple task, for it demands dedication, preparation time and apparently certain experimentation and communication skills something which most teachers who had their classes observed don t seem to have. In terms of education organization and systems it would be desirable and most likely doable with increased resources to plan in-service teachers trainning, preparing them to teach tasks much more aligned with the official documents recommendations. To above all, it is a political decision