Indicadores cardiovasculares em idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos regulares e não praticantes, sua qualidade de vida e percepção quanto às modificações do estilo de vida

Abstract

This research aims to study the differences between the cardiovascular indicators (SBP, DBP, HR, RR, BMI and girth) with regular physical exercise with active elderly participants and not participants of the supervised program of regular exercise, relating their perception of quality of life, health and lifestyle modification. Thus, it is essential to promote healthy aging or asset, maintenance and improvement of functional capacity, disease prevention, and improve the quality of life for seniors. The physical exercise corresponds to non-pharmacological strategy used in the treatment and control of cardiovascular indicators, as well as improvement in the quality of life of seniors. This study focuses on the role of exercise in controlling cardiovascular and predictors of these perceptions, under the qualitative point of view of these seniors. In this method was applied a quantitative and qualitative longitudinal study at an exploratory and descriptive level that was realized with the participation of elderly, greater than or equal to 60 years old, participants of elderly groups from FEFID-PUCRS and CEUVF-PUCRS ambulatory, in the period from March 2011 to January 2012. Analyzes were performed using Student's t test, from Mann Whitney, chi-square test from Pearson and Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation with a significance of 5%. One hundred and eight participants were investigated, distributed evenly among the groups who exercise regularly (n = 54) and those who do not exercise (n = 54). After interviews and a content analysis, it was observed that the non-practicing group did not exercise regularly because of lack of orientation and time, and the presence of disease was also detected as a relevant factor. On the other hand, the practicing group exercised because of their health and in order to have better quality of life. Female sex was predominant in the groups, and less schooled non-practitioners had smaller monthly income than the practitioners (p<0.001). It was significant among the practitioners: the circumference of (p<0.01); hip perimeter, (p<0.05); PAS averages (final: p&#8804;0.001), and PAD (final: p<0.001). The non-practitioners showed: average weight (p<0.05), higher IMC (p<0.001), subscapular measure (p<0.01) FR (final: p&#8804;0.05) and FC (final: p&#8804;0.05), where final averages demonstrated to be higher than the initial ones. Related to the domains by Whoqol Breff between the groups, it was significant the physical domain among the practitioners p<0.05); in Whoqol Old, in the group of practitioners domains PPF, PS, and AUT were significant; however, in the non-practicing group they were FS and MM (p<0.001). We conclude that the practice of regular exercise plays an important role in controlling cardiovascular indicators in elderly, providing them with better quality of life, and psychosocial activities improve self-esteem in older adults who do not exercise regularly