Método para aceleração de expertise em decisões operacionais complexas : um estudo sobre tomada de decisão de pilotos na aviação comercial

Abstract

Decision-makers in complex socio-technical systems, face increasingly challenging and interrelated problems. Important decisions that are made routinely are dynamic in nature, the fact is that during the decision-making process, many decisions are made rather than a single decision. Decisions are interdependent and the environment in which the decision takes place changes over time. The development of managerial capacity to deal with dynamic tasks is something that is in evidence in industries considered complex. However, acquiring decision-making ability in dynamic tasks has many barriers. The specific problem addressed here is the discussion of a method to train and determine the progress of learning and development of expertise in domains that involve dynamic and ill-structured problems lacking well-defined solutions, and specification of desired outcome states. Such problems often involve many interrelated and nonlinear factors, such that the problem situation changes over time in ways that are not easily predicted or anticipated. Examples of such problems exist in many domains, from engineering, aviation, oil and gas, medicine, and nuclear energy. This research presents the steps for the development of an expertise acceleration training in complex and dynamic environments, for that, the environment of the operation of airline pilots was chosen, where expert captains were selected, followed by episodic interviews from the Critical Decision Method (CDM) with these captains, where material was extracted for the development of scenarios, which involved decision points. These scenarios were applied to co-pilots operating in a regular air transport airline, pilots with a commercial pilot license, and at the end a quasi-experiment was carried out, where the expertise acceleration training was applied to pilots with a private pilot license. The proposal for training acceleration of expertise in complex operational decisions, proved to be favorable in relation to the development of new managerial and decision-making skills, and it is believed that it can be used in diverse complex socio-technical domains, such as practical, low cost and effective training.