Prevenção da violência no namoro entre adolescentes : desafios para as políticas públicas no âmbito da educação

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to identify the state responses in the materialization of preventive public policies for adolescent dating violence in the education context. This theme is justified by the evidence of the high prevalence of the phenomenon, as well as the apparent lack of policies for preventing and confronting it. In addition, research on the subject is still recent in Brazil, and is mostly in the areas of Psychology and Nursing. Thus, the relationship between the research theme and Social Work is established by presenting an in-depth study about the dialectical relationships between the Brazilian state and the subjects of rights that use public policies, considering the prevention of the phenomenon. The patriarchy, the sexual division of labor and gender-based violence defined the scope of this study, with a focus on the specificities of violence in dating relationships among youth. Furthermore, the theoretical foundation of the study included the neoliberal and conservative offensives, considering the advances and setbacks in policies for youth and education within the scope of the Brazilian state. With regard to specific objectives, this study aimed to identify dating violence prevention programs in the scientific literature; to know the perceptions of high schools teachers about dating violence; and to know the actions to prevent dating violence that said teachers have identified during their professional practice. This is a qualitative study, based on historical-dialectical materialism, involving online interviews and an integrative review, as well as their joint discussion, in order to obtain an apprehension of the issue in its entirety. The first stage of the study comprised the integrative review of the literature, whose search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and ERIC databases, in order to identify how dating violence prevention programs are developed based on scientific productions, resulting in 29 retrieved articles. The results showed that most programs took place in the school environment, had gender issues as their theoretical basis and implemented activities on topics such as healthy relationships, communication skills, conflict resolution skills and help-seeking resources. In the second stage of the study, individual interviews were conducted with four female teachers who work or had worked professionally in private or public high schools in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. This stage intended to understand the participants’ perceptions on the issue, along with the discussion of the presence of the topic in public policies related to education. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Based on the perspectives of the teachers who participated in the interviews, it was possible to note that students have unhealthy behaviors in their romantic relationships; that the schools have institutional barriers and a lack of psychological and social resources for assisting both teachers and students; and that there are challenges for the implementation of dating violence prevention programs, considering the neoliberal and conservative offensives in Brazilian education.