Fundamentos do serviço social na contemporaneidade : contribuições à perspectiva dialético-crítica da profissão

Abstract

The present dissertation has as its central theme the Fundamentals of contemporary Brazilian Social Work, understood from the dialectical-critical paradigm of Marx's method. In this sense, it aimed to analyze the contemporary configurations of the Fundamentals of Social Work in Brazil, with the aim of contributing to the production of knowledge and subsidizing ontological and reflective mediations for the materialization of the critical exercise of the profession. The research is bibliographic and documentary (GIL, 2008) and of a mixed type, articulating the simple statistical treatment with the technique of frequency, thematic and co-occurrence content analysis, according to Bardin (1977), supported by the use of the MAXQDA software. It was carried out from a bibliographical and documental research (GIL, 2008) of the triangulation of the following sources that articulated to the fundamentals: theses and dissertations of the Bank of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES; works most used in the mandatory bibliographic references of undergraduate courses; materials linked to representative entities and events in the Social Work area. In the process of data analysis and exposure method, the professional's field diary was articulated with the quantitative-qualitative results. In summary, the results indicate that I) the Fundamentals of Social Work are established contemporaneously as a great theme, with a broad and diffuse number of concepts, but with reduced productions that propose to apprehend the fundamentals in their entirety, shaped by different conceptions in dispute; II) Despite the consensus regarding the importance of inseparability between training and professional practice, there is a prevalence of the training category to the detriment of the professional practice category in all axes of the sample. There is a tendency to shift the discussion of the Fundamentals of Social Work restricted to FHTM as a discipline to a more comprehensive conception, but which is based on a mismatch between undergraduate and graduate degrees. It is argued that the Fundamentals of Social Work, based on elements that shape its structure and dynamics, presented significant processes of rupture and development, however, when analyzing the articulation of the Fundamentals of Social Work with the dynamics of concrete reality, added to a larger context of Brazilian society and the direction of societal projects, challenges to be faced by the critical perspective of the profession materialize. It is argued that the densification of the debate on the object of the profession from a system of ontological and reflective mediations can strengthen the critical perspective of Social Work and qualify the relational dyad between reality and profession in its foundations. It is from these elaborations that we arrive at the following synthesis: the Fundamentals of Social Work are currently configured as analytical-interventive bases of the reality-profession unit, formed from reflective and ontological mediations in their relationship with the object of social intervention. These foundations are transversalized by the insertion of the profession in the social and technical division of work, by the production of knowledge in the area under Marx's dialectical-critical paradigm and by the organizational and normative-legal structure of the profession.