Superfícies superhidrofílicas nanoestruturadas : propriedades físico-químicas, antibacterianas e de adesão e proliferação celular para implantes biomédicos

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a relevant area of interest in biomedical and biomaterial research. The requirement for a better bone repair speed and quality around biomedical implants for treatment success is the target of several studies in dental implantology. Nanotechnology and surface nanofunctionalization have been used frequently for this end. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and properties of an anodized pure grade II titanium surface regarding its topographic characteristics, possibilities of functionalization, its biological reactions when in contact with osteogenic cells along with antibacterial properties. For this, the current literature was critically evaluated and used to understand the most current functionalization options based on anodization. Titanium discs with different surface treatments were used to characterize and evaluate the following parameters: morphology, roughness, atomic structure, wettability, crystalline phase, biocompatibility, adhesion and proliferation of osteogenic cells and bacterial proliferation. The results showed the current possibilities of functionalization of TiO2 nanotube technology (TNTs), the characterization and development of a completely nanotextured surface, methodologies for developing a superhydrophilic surface from reactive plasma and surface biocompatibility. Results showed that bone cell adhesion and proliferation was more expressive in surface nanomorphologies and high hydrophilicity, while bacterial proliferation was higher on rougher surfaces. It was concluded based on the critical reviews of the literature the extensive possibility of developed surface functionalization, along with the current and promising options studied until this moment in the scientific literature. In experimental studies, the biocompatibility of anodized surfaces has been attested. Bone cell adhesion was more expressive in surface nanomorphologies, suggesting faster healing, while bacterial proliferation was more expressive in microtexturizations. The reactive plasma methodology was effective to critically alter the wettability and crystalline phase of titanium, as well as to influence the cellular response, suggesting the possible application of the anodizing methodology with reactive plasma described here in biomedical implants.